Where is lpg gas used

There are a number of LPG gas chemical formulas formulae. Propane chemical formula is C 3 H 8. Butane and Isobutane both have the same chemical formula, C 4 H 10 , as isobutane is an isomer of butane.

Pentane n-pentane chemical formula is C 5 H 12 , but is only a gas over Heavier hydrocarbons pentanes plus are liquids or waxy solids.

LPG pressure can vary greatly based on temperature, as shown in the chart. The level of fill in the gas bottle comes into play when the LPG is being used, as it affects the rate of vapourisation.

As LPG is a liquefied gas, the pressure inside the cylinder will remain the same from full until the last of the liquid LPG is vapourised. The pressure inside of an LPG 45kg cylinder , or larger vessel, is dependent upon the temperature of the vessel. Propane is the gas that is supplied to virtually all homes and most businesses that purchase LPG in Australia. Propane molecule model shown.

Propane is not made or manufactured, it is found naturally in combination with other hydrocarbons. Propane processing involves the separation and collection of the gas from its petroleum base and other Natural Gas Liquids NGLs. Following its refinement, LPG is stored and distributed as a liquid under pressure until used, at which point it is utilised as either a liquid or a gas vapour.

Large users may utilise bigger LPG storage tanks. In the presence of sufficient oxygen, LPG burns to form water vapour and carbon dioxide, as well as heat. The chemical formula for Butane is C 4 H 10 , with 4 carbon and 10 hydrogen atoms in a butane molecule. Technically, this is also a chemical formula of LPG gas. Butane molecule model shown. Butane is commonly used as a fuel, propellant and refrigerant, as well as a petrochemical feedstock.

Butane is supplied to businesses that require Butane , as opposed to propane. Not only is running an LPG car economical, but Autogas is also cleaner burning fuel than petrol, so engine life is actually extended and greenhouse gas emissions reduced. LPG products result in lower CO 2 emissions than other energy sources, such as coal fired electricity. Using it requires very little infrastructure, which makes it an excellent choice for developing countries, as well as developed countries.

LPG products are easy to transport , in cylinders or tankers, making it available virtually everywhere. Please Email us at: [email protected].

The information in this article is derived from various sources and is believed to be correct at the time of publication. However, the information may not be error free and may not be applicable in all circumstances. LPG Attributes. Chemical Formula. Relative Density: H 2 O. Liquefied petroleum gas is a non-renewable resource made of different hydrocarbon compounds, mostly propane and butane, that are odorless and colorless gases at room temperature.

Therefore, LPG would be odorless too, if manufacturers did not add that unpleasant odor we know. It is because of safety reasons: LPG is not toxic but inhaling it in large quantities can cause faint. LPG is a clean source of energy and is mostly obtained from natural gas and oil production. It is a side-product of the mining process. Stored in a liquefied state, 1 liter of LPG is as efficient as liters of gaseous energy natural gas. Of course, in normal conditions, LPG is gaseous too.

With cooling and pressure, producers are forcing the material to change its state to liquid. Storing and transporting with care is essential. Liquefied petroleum gas can be used in many different ways. It is used by companies, it is used by households. Other sectors e. Autogas add up to an aggregated 9. In poor developing countries LPG is almost exclusively used as a cooking fuel. The users are predominately middle- to high-income households in regions with a supply network mostly urban and peri-urban areas.

Since , the global production capacity of LPG is growing faster than demand: In , there were 9. This gap is currently widening. Despite excess capacities, LPG remains scarce in many regions - especially in the rural areas of developing countries see e.

Chandra, This is mainly due to lacking supply networks, which are not able to supply households with the excess LPG. Furthermore, the target group 'poor households' which is a large potential customer group often targeted in international initiatives tends to dispose of too little income to afford LPG. This will be discussed further below. The excess amount of LPG is thus often processed. A number of different steps are necessary between the raw form of LPG up to the final consumer.

A sophisticated infrastructure is required for the distribution. LPG either comes directly from gas wells or is a by-product of crude oil refining. Subsequently, it is delivered from supply points in a liquefied form to primary bulk storage facilities, where it is stored under refrigeration or pressurisation.

LPG for cooking is brought to cylinder filling plants. The cylinders are either owned by the bottling company or by distributers or by the consumers see below the different distribution systems.

The filled cylinders are distributed to a network of intermediaries, who operate depots and the necessary transportation facilities.

The cylinders are supplied to retail points, where they are sold to customers. Empty cylinders are either returned along the chain to the filling plant or directly brought to a filling station by the customer. Figure 2. In CCCM the consumer owns the cylinder and is fully responsible for maintaining the cylinder. The consumer can refill it at any refilling station. Main disadvantag of the CCCM is a possible decline in cylinder safety, leading to an increased risk of fire and explosion accidents.

In addition, the CCCM is susceptible for black market LPG activities by unlicensed and uncertified refilling businesses disregarding safety. Consumers can refill the cylinder only at authorized stations of the marketing company. The consumer generally pays a deposit to obtain the first cylinder from authorized distributers, which is typically set below the cost of the cylinder, plus the purchase price of the LPG it contains. Empty cylinders are exchanged for a full cylinder of the same brand for the refill price.

Main disadvantages of BCRM are the often higher end consumer cost of the cylinder and the refilling and the exclusion of small enterprises from the LPG business. The selection of the type of fuel during cooking is contingent of several factors.

Factors influencing the decision are availability, affordability, habits and the usability of the fuel. The prevailing use of fire food in many developing countries is primarily because it is cheap often free and widely available.

In the future wood will remain the primary cooking fuel for rural households [13]. An increase in LPG use could reduce the total amount of wood, coal and kerosene consumed. This is the case in some cities where LPG is available. But households do not tend to fully replace one fuel by another.

Instead, they use a mix of fuels and a specifif fuel is chosen according to availability, affordability and convenience. A typical cooking system which uses LPG is made up of a steel cylinder filled with LPG, a pressure controller, a tube connecting the cylinder to the pressure controller and the burner, and finally the burner itself.

The burner can consist of one or more cooking tops. The size of the system depends on the size of the cylinder. Cylinders exist in various sizes e. A survey in 20 countries showed that low-income countries households mainly use cylinders smaller than 6 kg [14]. Nevertheless, the majority of currently available LPG cylinders are larger up to This proves problematic for low-income households both in the acquisition as well as the recharge of LPG. The main advantages of LPG provision of low-income households in comparison to conventional fuels wood, wood charcoal are:.

This equates to 60 kg of LPG per capita and is equivalent to half of the current global production. These quantities are currently not available. A mix of the following strategies would therefore be required if 2 billion people were to be supplied with LPG as a cooking fuel:.

Significant sums would have to be invested to develop these markets. No reports are known that explore the necessary investment costs of developing an LPG market in-depth. Further research is needed in this field. Households require capital to buy hardware such as the LPG stove and the cylinder.

Again, limited data exists that compares regional prices. This is a barrier for many households. Furthermore, households need to be able to pay the running costs for LPG. A survey that explored the costs to the consumer in 20 countries found that large discrepancies exist. One kg of LPG costs between 0. Figure 3. The price of LPG is affected by taxes, subsidies and market distribution costs.

LPG becomes cheaper when distribution routes are short or bought in bulk. Low-income households mostly live in remote rural areas and buy small amounts. This is a disadvantage in comparison to wood, which can be collected free of charge. A survey in a medium-sized city in northern Madagascar provided some data on comparable prices for different cooking fuels.

It shows that a kg of LPG costs approx. This is 17 times higher than the price for a kg of charcoal and 30 times higher than the price for wood see figure 4. Figure 4. In terms of useful energy delivered, LPG costs 0. Firewood costs 0. More recent data from are available from refugee camps in Bangladesh.

A 12 kg cylinder and a simple gas stove cost around 45 USD. For a 5 household with 5 persons it would mean around 12 kg per month.